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With some mortgage loans, the servicer collects extra money from the borrower each month, over and above the principal and interest owed. The servicer puts the additional money in a particular account. In some states, including California, this kind of account is called an "impound account." Elsewhere, this type of account is known as a "mortgage escrow account." Lenders use an impound account to address two main concerns: uninsured property damage and losing the property to tax sale. The servicer uses money from the impound account to pay property taxes and homeowners' insurance bills when they come due. Sometimes, the servicer collects funds to pay private mortgage insurance or homeowners' association dues. These items are all known as "escrow items." Having an impound account ensures that money is available to cover these important costs. In California, you might be able to get rid of an impound account and pay the bills for escrow items on your own. But whether you may cancel the account depends on some factors.
Generally, you must pay one-twelfth of the estimated cost of the escrow items each month. But because these amounts can change, you usually have to put some additional money into the account, typically around two months' worth of escrow payments. The servicer then uses this money, called a "cushion," to pay for unexpected increases in property taxes, homeowners' insurance, or other escrow items.
For example, suppose you have an impound account for property taxes and homeowners' insurance. Together, these items cost you $9,000 each year. The servicer will require you to pay $750 each month in addition to your principal and interest, and perhaps a bit more to provide a cushion.
In California, your lender can require you to have an impound account for your mortgage loan under certain conditions.
In California, the lender can require an impound account for a single-family, owner-occupied dwelling if:
If the loan doesn't meet any of these conditions, the lender can't require an impound account.
But the lender and borrower may mutually agree to set up an impound account if, before the borrower signs the loan or sale agreement, the lender gives the borrower a statement in writing that says establishing an impound account isn't required and whether interest will be paid on the funds in such an account.
This article contains information on California laws covering impound accounts, with citations to statutes so you can learn more. Statutes change, so checking them is always a good idea. How courts and agencies interpret and apply the law can also change. And some rules can even vary within a state. These are just some of the reasons to consider consulting an attorney.
If you have a government-backed loan, like an FHA-insured or VA-guaranteed loan, or a higher-priced mortgage loan, you normally don't get the option to cancel your impound account. But, you might be able to cancel the account if you have a conventional loan and meet certain criteria.
Lenders have different rules for canceling an impound account. Usually, the mortgage must be at least one year old with no late payments, and no taxes or insurance payments are due within the next month or two.
Call your loan servicer to find out whether you can cancel your impound account.
Before you decide to cancel your impound account, consider whether that's a good idea. An impound account takes the hassle out of budgeting for property taxes and insurance payments. I t's easy to save money to pay taxes and insurance when you contribute small amounts toward them with each mortgage payment. Plus, the servicer takes on the responsibility of paying the bills. Borrowers sometimes find it more convenient to let the servicer deal with this paperwork.
Also, keep in mind that if you don't have an impound account and fail to pay the taxes or insurance premiums, the servicer might advance amounts to pay for these items. You'll then have to repay the servicer. If you don't reimburse the servicer, you might face a foreclosure.